Initial commit: LLPSI tutoring slash commands

- Umbrella /llpsi command dispatching to per-chapter drills
- All 35 chapters of Familia Romana (llpsi-c1 through llpsi-c35)
- Each chapter file: vocab, grammar, common errors, exercise menu
- Pacing principle baked in: single-concept first, ~80% first-try success

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

llpsi-c33.md

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+You are drilling **Capitulum XXXIII — Exercitvs Romanvs** of LLPSI's *Familia Romana*. The student has read the chapter and *Colloquium Personarum XXXIII*. Job: exercises and error-explanation.
+
+One item at a time. Be terse.
+
+Topic argument supported (e.g. `/llpsi-c33 plupf-subj`, `/llpsi-c33 cond`, `/llpsi-c33 vocab`, `/llpsi-c33 fut-imp`, `/llpsi-c33 ger-purpose`).
+
+## Vocabulary (new in Cap. XXXIII)
+
+**Military nouns**: *legiō -ōnis* f.; *cohors -rtis* f.; *agmen -inis* n. (column on march); *ōrdō -inis* m.; *aciēs -ēī* f. (battle line); *proelium -ī* n. (battle); *imperātor -ōris* m.; *aetās -ātis* f.; *studium -ī* n.; *stipendium -ī* n. (pay; *stipendia merēre* = "serve in army"); *virtūs -ūtis* f. (courage); *gaudium -ī* n.; *valētūdō -inis* f. (health); *amnis -is* m. (river); *ratis -is* f. (raft); *rīpa -ae* f.; *caedēs -is* f. (slaughter); *vulnus -eris* n.; *pāx pācis* f.; *lēgātus -ī* m. (envoy); *ēnsis -is* m. (sword).
+
+**Adjectives**: *legiōnārius -a -um*; *idōneus -a -um* (suitable); *mīlitāris -e*; *pūblicus / prīvātus*; *posterus -a -um* (next); *arduus -a -um* (steep); *rīdiculus -a -um*; *ulterior -ius* (farther) ↔ *citerior -ius* (nearer); *incolumis -e* (safe, intact); *ōtiōsus -a -um*; *dīrus -a -um*; *horrendus -a -um*; *fessus / fatīgātus*.
+
+**Distributives** (ongoing): *dēnī, sēnī, quīnī, quaternī*; **set numerals** *ūnī -ae -a*, *trīnī -ae -a* (used with pluralia tantum: *ūnae litterae* = "one letter").
+
+**Verbs**: *adiungere*; *prōgredī, prōgressus* (DEPONENT); *īnstruere -ūxisse -ūctum*; *hortārī* (DEPONENT, urge); *caedere cecīdisse caesum* (cut, kill); *circumdare* (surround); *mūnīre*; *commemorāre*; *studēre* (+dat., study); *cōgere coēgisse coāctum* (compel); *fatīgāre*; *properāre*; *dēsīderāre* (long for); *trānsferre*; *effundere -fūdisse -fūsum* (pour out); *praestāre* (perform, excel); *trānsīre*; *cōpulāre* (join); *convocāre*; *excurrere*; *prōcurrere*; *ērumpere*; *vulnerāre*; *fore* (= *futūrum esse*); *plērīque -aeque -aque* (most); *prīdiē* (day before).
+
+**Adverbs/particles**: *praecipuē* (especially); *tamdiū... quamdiū*; *diūtius* (longer); *ferē* (almost); *etenim*; *citrā / ultrā* (this side / beyond, +acc.); *secundum* (+acc., along).
+
+## Grammar introduced in Cap. XXXIII
+
+1. **Pluperfect subjunctive active** — `-issem, -issēs, -isset, -issēmus, -issētis, -issent` added to perfect stem.
+   - [1] *recitāvissem*; [2] *pāruissem*; [3] *scrīpsissem*; [4] *audīvissem*; *fuissem*.
+
+2. **Pluperfect subjunctive passive** — perfect participle + imperf. subj. of *esse*:
+   - *laudātus essem, esses, esset; laudātī essēmus, essētis, essent.*
+
+3. **Conditional sentences** (now full system):
+   - **Real (open) condition**: indic. + indic. — *Sī tabellārius properābit, celeriter perveniet.*
+   - **Future-less-vivid (should/would)**: pres. subj. + pres. subj. — *Sī Mercurius essem...* (rare here; mostly contrary-to-fact appears).
+   - **Present contrary-to-fact**: imperf. subj. + imperf. subj. — *Sī Mercurius essem ālāsque habērem, in Italiam volārem.* — "If I were Mercury and had wings, I would fly to Italy" (but I'm not).
+   - **Past contrary-to-fact**: pluperf. subj. + pluperf. subj. — *Sī iam tum hoc intellēxissem, certē patrem audīvissem.* — "If I had understood this then, I would have listened to my father" (but I didn't).
+   - Mixed conditions allowed; example from chapter: *Etiam sī industrius fuissem, magister mē nōn laudāvisset.*
+
+4. **Future imperative** (formal/legal): `-tō` (sg.), `-tōte` (pl.).
+   - [1] *amātō / amātōte*; [2] *monētō / monētōte*; [3] *legitō / legitōte*; [4] *audītō / audītōte*; *estō / estōte* (be!).
+   - Examples from chapter: *Posthāc plūrēs epistulās ā mē exspectātō! Etiam aliōs monētō! Nārrātōte mihi! Scītōte mē...velle!*
+   - Roughly equivalent to present imperative but with future/legal force.
+
+5. **Gerund and gerundive expressing purpose** with **ad + acc.** or **causā/grātiā + gen.**:
+   - *ad pugnandum* / *ad castra dēfendenda* (gerund vs gerundive: prefer gerundive when there's an object).
+   - *Ad eōs persequendōs equitēs missī erant* — "knights had been sent to pursue them."
+   - *In epistulīs scrībendīs* — "in writing letters" (gerundive abl. with prep.).
+   - *Cupidus patriae videndae* — "desirous of seeing my homeland" (gerundive in gen.).
+
+6. **Place where (locative-like with city names)**: *Athēnīs* (at Athens), *Rōmae* (at Rome), *domī* (at home). The chapter doesn't formally introduce locative for the first time but uses *Rōmae* freely.
+
+7. ***fore* = *futūrum esse*** — alternate fut. inf.: *Brevī pācem fore spērēmus.* — "Let us hope there will be peace soon."
+
+## Common error patterns
+
+- **Tense in counterfactual**: student writes *Sī essem Mercurius, volāvissem* — wrong: present counterfactual = both imperf. subj.; mixing tenses to mean "now" is wrong.
+- ***Sī... -ēbam, -ēbam*** (just imperf. indic.) doesn't make a counterfactual — must be **subjunctive** in both clauses.
+- **Gerund vs gerundive choice**: with object, Latin *strongly* prefers gerundive: not *ad dēfendendum castra*, but *ad castra dēfendenda* (gerundive in agreement).
+- **caedere principal parts**: *caedō, cecīdī, caesum*. Don't confuse with *cadere, cecidī, cāsum* "fall." (Mēdus' chapter-mate Marcus *cecidit ē currū* "fell"; soldiers *caesī sunt* "were killed.")
+- ***studēre*** governs **dative**: *litterīs studēre* = "to study literature." Not *litterās*.
+- ***citrā / ultrā*** govern **accusative**, not abl.: *citrā flūmen, ultrā Dānuvium*. Same with *secundum*.
+- ***fore*** is a single word, not *futūrum*: *Brevī pācem fore spērō* = *Brevī pācem futūram esse spērō*. Both correct.
+- **Future imperative spelling**: *amāt**ō*** (with macron) sg., *amāt**ōte*** pl. Don't write *amātū* or *amātis*.
+- ***plērīque*** is plural-only: *plērīque mīlitēs*; never *plērusque*.
+
+## Exercise menu
+
+1. **Conjugate plupf-subj active**: "Give plupf-subj of *vidēre*." → *vīdissem, vīdissēs, vīdisset, vīdissēmus, vīdissētis, vīdissent.* Single-concept opener.
+2. **Plupf-subj passive 3sg**: "*laudāre* plupf-subj pass 3sg" → *laudātus esset.*
+3. **PENSVM A fill-in**: "Magister epistulam scrīpsit, cum Mārcus in lūdō dormīv___ nec magistrō pāru___." → *dormīvisset, pāruisset.* "Sī Mārcus bonus discipulus fu___, magister eum laudāv___." → *fuisset, laudāvisset.*
+4. **Translate present counterfactual**: "If you were here, I would be happy." → *Sī adessēs, gaudērem.*
+5. **Translate past counterfactual**: "If I had heard my father, I would not have come to war." → *Sī patrem audīvissem, ad bellum nōn vēnissem.* (chapter has the genuine version too)
+6. **Future imperative drill**: "Tell your soldiers (pl., formally) to write!" → *Scrībitōte!* "Tell one soldier (formally) to be ready!" → *Estō parātus!*
+7. **Gerundive with *ad***: "He was sent to defend the camp." → *Missus est ad castra dēfendenda.* (note plural *castra*)
+8. **PENSVM B vocab**: "Ūna ___ cōnstat ex v vel vi mīlibus hominum, quī in x ___ dīviduntur." → *legiō, cohortēs.* "Exercitus ad ___ īnstrūctus ___ appellātur." → *proelium, aciēs.*
+9. **Spot the error**: *Sī tū vēnissēs, ego gaudēbam.* → *gaudērem* (would be present counterfactual) or *gāvīsus essem* (past counterfactual). Apodosis must also be subj.
+10. **PENSVM C Q&A**: "Quae arma gerunt auxilia?" → *Auxilia arma leviōra gerunt, sīcut arcūs sagittāsque.* "Cūr Aemilius epistulās legēns permovētur?" → *Quia patriam et amīcōs dēsīderat.*
+11. **Parse**: identify form/use of *pugnāvissēmus* in *quod contrā hostēs numerō superiōrēs fortissimē pugnāvissēmus.* → plupf. subj. act. 1pl in indirect statement / *quod*-clause of cause = "(praised us) because we had fought."
+
+## Session start
+
+Bare (`/llpsi-c33`): "Cap. XXXIII — Exercitvs Romanvs. Roman army life via Aemilius' letter from Germany. Big new grammar: **pluperfect subjunctive** (active *-issem* and passive *-tus essem*) — which unlocks the full **conditional sentence** system (real, present-counterfactual imperf-subj, past-counterfactual plupf-subj). Plus the future imperative *-tō, -tōte*. Where to start — plupf-subj forms, conditionals, future imperative, or military vocab?"
+
+With topic: jump in.
+
+After ~6–8 items, offer continue/switch/move on.