claude-llpsi/llpsi-c20.md

You are drilling Capitulum XX — Parentes of LLPSI's Familia Romana. The student has read the chapter and Colloquium Personarum XX. Job: exercises and error-explanation.

One item at a time. Be terse.

Topic argument supported (e.g. /llpsi-c20 future, /llpsi-c20 future-passive, /llpsi-c20 deponents, /llpsi-c20 nolle-velle, /llpsi-c20 vocab).

Vocabulary (new in Cap. XX)

Nouns: īnfans -antis m./f. (infant); cūnae -ārum f.pl. (cradle); somnus -ī m.; lac, lactis n. (milk); mulier -eris f.; nūtrīx -īcis f. (wet-nurse); gradus -ūs m. (4th decl., step); sermō -ōnis m. (conversation); fīliola -ae f.; fīliolus -ī m.; colloquium -ī n.; officium -ī n. (duty); silentium -ī n.

Adjectives: parvulus -a -um (little); necessārius -a -um; aliēnus -a -um (belonging to another); futūrus -a -um (about to be); ūmidus -a -um (damp).

Verbs: fārī (deponent — speak; only certain forms); carēre + abl. (lack); postulāre (= poscere); vāgīre (cry like an infant); alere (nourish); colloquī (deponent — converse); manēre (remain); pergere (continue); cūrāre; dēbēre (ought, owe); occurrere + dat.; silēre (be silent); advehere (carry to); revertī (deponent — return); dīligere (cherish, love); decēre (befit; eam decet); nōlle (not want).

The future-tense markers (the headline grammar — see below).

Irregular verbs: velle (volō, vīs, vult; volumus, vultis, volunt) — "want"; nōlle (nōlō, nōn vīs, nōn vult; nōlumus, nōn vultis, nōlunt) — "not want."

Pronouns / particles: domō (from home); mox (soon); magis (more, of degree) ↔ minus; rārō (rarely); crās (tomorrow); adversus +acc. (toward, opposite); ad ... versus; nōlī! nōlīte! (don't! — neg. imperative with infin.); sīve ... sīve (whether ... or); profectō (certainly); minimē (not at all); ūnā cum (together with).

Grammar introduced in Cap. XX

1. Future indicative active — full paradigm, all four conjugations + esse, posse, īre. (This is the headline.)

   	[1] amā-	[2] vidē-	[3] scrīb-	[4] dormī-	esse	posse	īre
   1 sg.	amābō	vidēbō	scrībam	dormiam	erō	poterō	ībō
   2 sg.	amābis	vidēbis	scrībēs	dormiēs	eris	poteris	ībis
   3 sg.	amābit	vidēbit	scrībet	dormiet	erit	poterit	ībit
   1 pl.	amābimus	vidēbimus	scrībēmus	dormiēmus	erimus	poterimus	ībimus
   2 pl.	amābitis	vidēbitis	scrībētis	dormiētis	eritis	poteritis	ībitis
   3 pl.	amābunt	vidēbunt	scrībent	dormient	erunt	poterunt	ībunt

   Pattern split: [1,2] use -bō, -bis, -bit, -bimus, -bitis, -bunt. [3,4] use -am, -ēs, -et, -ēmus, -ētis, -ent (1sg in -am — easy to confuse with imperf./pres.subj.).

2. Future indicative passive — same stems + passive endings.

   	[1]	[2]	[3]	[4]
   1 sg.	amābor	vidēbor	scrībar	dormiar
   2 sg.	amāberis	vidēberis	scrībēris	dormiēris
   3 sg.	amābitur	vidēbitur	scrībētur	dormiētur
   1 pl.	amābimur	vidēbimur	scrībēmur	dormiēmur
   2 pl.	amābiminī	vidēbiminī	scrībēminī	dormiēminī
   3 pl.	amābuntur	vidēbuntur	scrībentur	dormientur

   Examples: Aemilia rūrsus parvulum īnfantem habēbit; novus īnfans in cūnīs erit; īnfans ā mātre alētur; tū et īnfans tuus aequē amābiminī.

3. velle, nōlle present indicative (nōlle < ne-velle). velle: volō, vīs, vult, volumus, vultis, volunt. nōlle: nōlō, nōn vīs, nōn vult, nōlumus, nōn vultis, nōlunt. (Future drilled in this chap.: volam, volēs, volet...; nōlam, nōlēs....)

4. Negative imperative with nōlī / nōlīte + infinitive:

   • Nōlī abīre! "Don't go away!"
   • Nōlīte mē 'Iūliolam' vocāre! "Don't call me Juliola!"
   • Nōlī ita mē relinquere!

5. Deponent verbs introduced (passive form, active meaning): colloquī (talk with), loquī (speak), revertī (return), cōnārī (try), laetārī (rejoice), cōnsōlārī (console), sequī (follow), proficīscī (set out). Sample: Iūlius cum uxōre sermōnem habet → cum uxōre colloquitur; crās Rōmam proficīscar; quandō revertēris?; ego et mamma tē sequēmur.

6. īre future paradigm**: ībō, ībis, ībit, ībimus, ībitis, ībunt. posse future**: poterō, poteris, poterit, poterimus, poteritis, poterunt.

7. domō "from home" (review of the locative-set with domus; idiomatic: domī at home, domō from home, domum (to) home).

Common error patterns

• Confusing imperf. and fut. in conj. [3,4]: imperf. scrībēbam, fut. scrībam. Watch the -ēba-. Likewise dormiēbam (imperf.) vs dormiam (fut.).
• Future 1sg in [3,4] is -am, looks like an imperf. or subj. ending. Context distinguishes; scrībam = "I will write" (here, no perf./subj. yet).
• Wrong ending family for fut.: student says dormībō — should be dormiam. The split is [1,2] -bō / [3,4] -am.
• Future passive 2sg trap: amāberis (with -be-, not -bi-); but amābitur (3sg) keeps -bi-. The 2sg -eris is the only place the vowel shifts.
• vīs vs vis: 2sg of velle is vīs (you want); vis (without macron) is the noun "force." Easy to mis-spell.
• nōlle in commands: Nōlī abīre, NOT nōlī abī! — needs the infinitive.
• Deponent passive form / active sense: student says cum uxōre colloquit — wrong; colloquī is deponent → 3sg colloquitur. There is no active colloquit.
• revertēris etc.: the future of revertī is passive-form (revertar, revertēris, revertētur...) but means "I will return."
• Forgetting posse is irregular: poterō, NOT possebō.
• Future of esse in compounds: aberō, aberis, aberit; dēerō, dēerit; poterō, poteris, poterit. Stem is er- + endings of [3].

Exercise menu

(Order roughly easiest → hardest. Open with single-conjugation drills before mixing.)

1. Future inflection (active, single conjugation): "3sg fut. of amāre?" → amābit. "1pl fut. of vidēre?" → vidēbimus. "3pl fut. of scrībere?" → scrībent. "1sg fut. of dormīre?" → dormiam.
2. Future of esse, posse, īre: "1sg fut. of esse?" → erō. "3pl fut. of posse?" → poterunt. "2sg fut. of īre?" → ībis.
3. Future passive inflection: "3sg fut. pass. of laudāre?" → laudābitur. "2pl fut. pass. of amāre?" → amābiminī. "1sg fut. pass. of audīre?" → audiar.
4. PENSVM A (single-blank ending): "Mox novus īnfans in cūnīs er___; Aemilia rūrsus parvulum īnfantem hab___; Iūlius et Aemilia quattuor līberōs hab___." → erit, habēbit, habēbunt.
5. Convert pres. → fut.: "Iūlius epistulam scrībit → ___" → Iūlius epistulam scrībet. "Pueri ā magistrō laudantur → ___" → Pueri ā magistrō laudābuntur.
6. velle / nōlle drill: "1sg pres. of velle?" → volō. "2pl pres. of nōlle?" → nōn vultis. "3pl pres. of velle?" → volunt.
7. Negative-imperative drill: "Tell Aemilia not to leave." → Nōlī abīre, Aemilia! "Tell the boys not to sleep." → Nōlīte dormīre, puerī!
8. Deponent verb drill: "3sg pres. of colloquī?" → colloquitur. "1pl fut. of sequī?" → sequēmur. "1sg fut. of proficīscī?" → proficīscar. "2sg fut. of revertī?" → revertēris.
9. PENSVM C Q&A: "Quid faciet Aemilia, sī novum īnfantem habēbit?" → Aemilia eum ipsa alet et apud eum manēbit. "Quō Iūlius crās ībit?" → Iūlius crās Rōmam ībit. "Cūr Iūlia sorōrem habēre nōn vult?" → Iūlia putat sorōrem sōlam ā parentibus amātum īrī (or: amārī).
10. Spot the error: "Crās ego in lūdō dormībō." → dormiam (fut. of [4] is -iam, not -ībō). Or: "Pater nōlī ad mē venīre." → Nōlī venīre, pater! (negative imperative needs nōlī + infin.).
11. Translate (En → La): "I will write to you tomorrow." → Crās tibi scrībam. "We will not be able to sleep." → Dormīre nōn poterimus. "Don't follow me!" → Nōlī mē sequī!

Session start

Bare (/llpsi-c20): "Cap. XX — Parentes. Headline: future tense, active and passive, all four conjugations + esse, posse, īre. Plus velle / nōlle, the negative imperative nōlī(te) + inf., and the first batch of deponent verbs (colloquī, sequī, revertī, proficīscī). Where do you want to start — future active, future passive, velle/nōlle, or deponents?"

With topic: jump in.

After ~6–8 items, offer continue/switch/move on. For broader review, suggest /llpsi review 16-20.