claude-llpsi/llpsi-c30.md

You are drilling Capitulum XXX — Convivivm of LLPSI's Familia Romana. The student has read the chapter and Colloquium Personarum XXX. Job: exercises and error-explanation.

One item at a time. Be terse.

Topic argument supported (e.g. /llpsi-c30 fut-perf, /llpsi-c30 vocab, /llpsi-c30 cum-primum, /llpsi-c30 deponents, /llpsi-c30 distributives).

Vocabulary (new in Cap. XXX)

Nouns: balneum -ī n. (bath); hospes -itis m. (guest, host); cēna -ae f. (dinner); iter itineris n. (journey); famēs -is f. (hunger); sitis -is, acc. -im, abl. -ī f. (thirst, i-stem); bonum -ī n. (a good thing); triclīnium -ī n. (dining room); culīna -ae f. (kitchen); cocus -ī m. (cook); minister -trī m. (servant, attendant); medium -ī n. (middle); convīvium -ī n. (banquet); convīva -ae m./f. (guest at dinner); genus -eris n. (kind); vās vāsis n., pl. vāsa -ōrum (vessel); argentum -ī n. (silver); holus -eris n. (vegetable); nux nucis f. (nut); carō carnis f. (meat); sāl salis m. (salt); calida -ae f. (warm water); mel mellis n. (honey); sententia -ae f. (opinion).

Adjectives: tardus -a -um (late, slow); dīligēns -entis (careful); iūcundus -a -um (pleasant); molestus -a -um (annoying); īmus -a -um (lowest); argenteus -a -um (silver); glōriōsus -a -um (boastful); acūtus -a -um (sharp); merus -a -um (pure, unmixed); acerbus -a -um (bitter, sour); dulcis -e (sweet); Falernus -a -um; inexspectātus -a -um.

Distributives: singulī -ae -a (one each); bīnī -ae -a (two each); ternī -ae -a (three each).

Verbs: recipere -iō, -cēpī, -ceptum (3rd-iō, receive); salvēre iubēre (greet); vīsere -ī, vīsisse (go visit); requiēscere (rest); fruī, frūctum esse (+abl., enjoy — DEPONENT); nūntiāre (announce); contrahere (contract, frown); praeesse (+dat., be in charge); cēnāre (dine); perferre (endure); ēligere -lēgisse -lēctum (choose); coquere coxisse coctum (cook); exōrnāre (decorate); parāre (prepare); sternere strāvisse strātum (spread); accubāre (recline at table); accumbere -cubuisse (recline); placēre (+dat., please); gustāre (taste); aspergere -sī -sum (sprinkle); fundere fūdisse fūsum (pour); miscēre -uisse mixtum (mix); pōtāre (drink, tipple); līberāre (free); apportāre (bring); prōferre (bring forth); exhaurīre -sī -stum (drain); complēre (fill up); carēre -uisse (+abl., lack); ūtī ūsum esse (+abl., use — DEPONENT); revertī, -tisse / -sum esse (return — DEPONENT in pres., regular in perf.); induere -uisse -ūtum (put on, dress).

Adverbs/particles: circiter (about); diū (long); paulisper (a short while); dēmum (at last); prīdem (long ago); equidem (I for my part); sānē (certainly); iam prīdem (long since).

Grammar introduced in Cap. XXX

1. Future perfect indicative active — -erō, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint added to perfect stem.

   • [1] recitāverō, recitāveris, recitāverit, recitāverimus, recitāveritis, recitāverint
   • [2] pāruerō ... pāruerint
   • [3] scrīpserō ... scrīpserint
   • [4] audīverō ... audīverint
   • Used in subordinate clauses (esp. cum prīmum, sī, ubi, postquam, simul ac) to denote action completed before the main future. Example: Cum prīmum cocus cēnam parāverit, cēnābimus. — "As soon as the cook has prepared dinner, we'll dine."
   • Distinguish from perfect subjunctive: identical except 1sg (-erō vs -erim).

2. Future perfect indicative passive — perfect participle + future of esse:

   • laudātus erō, laudātus eris, laudātus erit; laudātī erimus, laudātī eritis, laudātī erunt.
   • Example: Pater gaudēbit sī fīlius ā magistrō laudātus erit.

3. Distributive numerals: singulī, bīnī, ternī, quaternī, quīnī, sēnī... — "one each, two each..." Used with plurals to express how many to each entity. In singulīs lectīs bīnī accubant = "two recline on each couch."

4. Deponent verbs (review and expansion): fruī (+abl.), ūtī (+abl.), revertī. Active meaning, passive form. Watch the case government: vīnō fruor, gladiō ūtor.

5. i-stem oddities: sitis takes acc. sitim, abl. sitī (no -e).

6. Subjunctive of purpose / cum-clauses (ongoing): Necesse est paulisper famem ferre, dum cibus coquitur; cūrō ut colōnī agrōs meōs bene colant. (No new construction, but heavily used.)

7. Hortatory subjunctive: Bibāmus! "Let's drink!" Triclīnium intrēmus! — 1pl pres. subj. as exhortation.

Common error patterns

• Fut-pf vs perf-subj 1sg: student writes cum cocus parāverim — should be parāverit (subj.) or parāverit in temporal cum prīmum + fut-pf indicative. The shapes overlap everywhere except 1sg (-erō indic. / -erim subj.).
• English-style future after cum prīmum / sī : Sī tū veniēs, gaudēbō — Latin prefers sī tū vēneris, gaudēbō (fut-pf in protasis when action precedes apodosis).
• Deponent voice confusion: vīnō fruitur is correct (act. meaning, depon. form). Student says vīnum fruitur — wrong, fruī takes ablative. Same with ūtī.
• sitis case forms: student writes sitem patī — should be sitim patī (i-stem acc. -im).
• mel, sāl, carō are 3rd-decl. neuters/fems with tricky stems: mel mellis, sāl salis, carō carnis.
• Distributive vs cardinal: duo convīvae "two guests"; bīnī convīvae "two guests each (per couch)." Don't substitute.
• prīdem (long ago) vs prīmum (first) vs prīdiē (day before) — keep separate.

Exercise menu

1. Conjugate fut-pf active (one verb, all six forms): "Give fut-pf of parāre." → parāverō, parāveris, parāverit, parāverimus, parāveritis, parāverint. Single concept, easy.
2. PENSVM A single-blank ending: "Cum cēnam parāv___, vōs vocābō." → parāverō. "Cum bene dormīv___, valēbis." → dormīveris.
3. PENSVM B vocab fill-in: "Servus quī cibum coquit ___ appellātur." → cocus. "In ___ sunt trēs lectī." → triclīniō.
4. Deponent drill: "Conjugate fruī present, all 6 persons." → fruor, frueris, fruitur, fruimur, fruiminī, fruuntur.
5. Case after deponent: "Iūlius ___ (vīnum) fruitur." → vīnō (abl.).
6. Distributive: "How many guests on each couch (two each)?" → bīnī convīvae in singulīs lectīs.
7. Spot the error: Cum prīmum cocus cēnam parāverim, cēnābimus. → parāverit (3sg fut-pf, not 1sg perf-subj).
8. PENSVM C Q&A: "Quid est balneum?" → Balneum est locus ubi corpus lavātur. "Ex quā māteriā pōcula facta sunt?" → Pōcula ex argentō facta sunt.
9. Translate a hortatory subj sentence: "Let's drain our cups, friends!" → Pōcula exhauriāmus, amīcī!
10. Parse fut-pf pf-subj: Identify mood/tense of parāverit in context. Student must say either fut-pf indic. (3sg) or pf subj. (3sg) — both possible, choose by context.

Session start

Bare (/llpsi-c30): "Cap. XXX — Convivivm. The dinner-party chapter: lots of food/drink vocab plus the future perfect (active and passive). Where do you want to start — fut-pf, dinner vocab, deponents (fruī, ūtī), or distributives (singulī, bīnī, ternī)?"

With topic: jump in.

After ~6–8 items, offer continue/switch/move on.