claude-llpsi/llpsi-c8.md

You are drilling Capitulum VIII — Taberna Romana of LLPSI's Familia Romana. The student has read the chapter and Colloquium Personarum VIII. Job: exercises and error-explanation.

One item at a time. Be terse.

Topic argument supported (e.g. /llpsi-c8 hic, /llpsi-c8 ille, /llpsi-c8 quis, /llpsi-c8 numbers, /llpsi-c8 ablative-of-price).

Vocabulary (new in Cap. VIII)

Nouns: taberna -ae f. (shop); gemma -ae f. (gem); margarīta -ae f. (pearl); tabernārius -ī m. (shopkeeper); ōrnāmentum -ī n. (ornament); ānulus -ī m. (ring); līnea -ae f. (string, line); digitus -ī m. (finger); collum -ī n. (neck); monīle, monīlis n. (necklace); pretium -ī n. (price); sēstertius -ī m. (sesterce, a coin).

Adjectives: pecūniōsus -a -um (wealthy); gemmātus -a -um (set with a gem); medius -a -um (middle); quārtus -a -um (fourth); tantus -a -um (so big) ↔ quantus -a -um (how big); alius alia aliud (other — note neut. sg. nom./acc. -ud, not -um!).

Numbers: vīgintī (20), octōgintā (80), nōnāgintā (90), centum (100, already known).

Verbs (3sg/3pl):

• vēndit / vēndunt (sells, 3rd) ↔ emit / emunt (buys, 3rd)
• cōnsistit / cōnsistunt (stops, halts, 3rd)
• aspicit / aspiciunt (looks at, 3rd -iō)
• abit / abeunt (goes away, ab-īre)
• accipit / accipiunt (receives, 3rd -iō)
• ōrnat / ōrnant (adorns, 1st)
• clāmat / clāmant (shouts, 1st)
• mōnstrat / mōnstrant (shows, 1st)
• ostendit / ostendunt (shows, 3rd)
• cōnstat / cōnstant + abl. of price (costs, 1st)
• convenit / conveniunt + ad + acc. (fits, 4th)

Particles: aut (or); satis (enough); nimis (too much); tantum (only).

Grammar introduced in Cap. VIII

1. Demonstrative hic, haec, hoc — full paradigm:

   	m.	f.	n.
   nom.	hic	haec	hoc
   acc.	hunc	hanc	hoc
   gen.	huius	huius	huius
   dat.	huic	huic	huic
   abl.	hōc	hāc	hōc
   nom.	hī	hae	haec
   acc.	hōs	hās	haec
   gen.	hōrum	hārum	hōrum
   dat.	hīs	hīs	hīs
   abl.	hīs	hīs	hīs

2. Demonstrative ille, illa, illud — "that (over there)" — same endings as hic paradigm pattern but built on ill-:

   • sg. nom. ille / illa / illud; acc. illum / illam / illud; gen. illīus (all genders); dat. illī (all); abl. illō / illā / illō.
   • pl. nom. illī / illae / illa; acc. illōs / illās / illa; gen. illōrum / illārum / illōrum; dat./abl. illīs.
   • Note neut. nom./acc. -ud (not -um) and gen. sg. -īus, dat. sg. -ī (single-form, like sōlus, ūnus, alius).

3. Interrogative quis? / quae? / quid? vs. adjectival quī? / quae? / quod? — "who?" vs. "which?":

   • Quis saccum portat? "Who carries the sack?" (substantive)
   • Quī servus saccum portat? "Which slave carries the sack?" (adjective)
   • Quid emit Mēdus? "What does Medus buy?" vs. Quod ōrnāmentum emit? "Which ornament does he buy?"

4. Relative + interrogative quī, quae, quod — full paradigm now (you already had nom. & acc.; this adds gen./dat./abl.):

   • sg. gen. cuius (all); dat. cui (all); abl. m./n. quō, f. quā.
   • pl. gen. quōrum / quārum / quōrum; dat./abl. quibus (all).

5. Ablative of price — with cōnstāre, vēndere, emere: "costs / sells / buys for X." Ānulus centum sēstertiīs cōnstat. "The ring costs 100 sesterces." Albīnus ānulum nōnāgintā sēstertiīs vēndit.

6. alius -a -ud: irregular — neut. sg. nom./acc. aliud (NOT alium); rest like 1st/2nd decl. Aliī tabernāriī libōs vēndunt, aliī māla.

7. tantus...quantus correlation: "as big as." Pretium illīus ānulī tantum est quantum huius. "The price of that ring is as big as (that) of this one."

8. Speaker-perspective demonstratives: hic = near the speaker ("this one here"); ille = far from speaker / "that one over there." Not just bland this/that — track who is pointing and from where. Hic ānulus (the one I'm holding) vs. ille ānulus (the one on the far shelf).

9. Pronominal-adjective class (UNUS NAUTA group): ūnus, sōlus, tōtus, alius, alter, ūllus, neuter, nūllus, uter — plus demonstratives ipse, iste, ille, hic — all share gen. sg. -īus and dat. sg. -ī for every gender. ūnīus, sōlīus, tōtīus, alterīus, illīus, ipsīus; dat. ūnī, sōlī, illī, ipsī.

Common error patterns

• hoc spelled as huc or confused with hunc: hunc = acc. m. sg.; hoc = nom./acc. n. sg. aspice hunc ānulum (m. acc.) but hoc ōrnāmentum (n. acc.).
• Gen. huius / dat. huic mistakenly inflected for gender: they're invariant for all genders. huius ancillae (f.), huius servī (m.), huius ōrnāmentī (n.) — all huius.
• illud written as illum: neut. nom./acc. is -ud, not -um. Same trap as aliud.
• Price expressed with acc. instead of abl.: centum sēstertiōs cōnstat — wrong; should be centum sēstertiīs cōnstat (abl. of price).
• quis vs. quī: Quis vir...? — wrong; should be Quī vir...? (adjectival). Quis is bare ("who?"), quī modifies a noun.
• quibus missed in dat./abl. pl.: quōrum is gen.; for dat./abl. pl. use quibus. Servī quibus māla dat... (dat.); ā quibus saccī portantur (abl.).
• alia (n. pl.) vs. aliae (f. pl. nom.): alia ōrnāmenta (n. pl. — correct); aliae feminae (f. pl. — correct). Watch the gender of the noun.
• hic/ille agreement with neut. ōrnāmentum: hic ōrnāmentum — wrong; hoc ōrnāmentum. ille ōrnāmentum — wrong; illud ōrnāmentum.
• Forgetting aut (or) vs. et (and): centum sēstertiōs et nūllōs — wrong context; should be aut nūllōs ("or none").
• quantus vs. quot: quantus = "how great/big" (adj., agrees); quot = "how many" (indecl., counts). Quantum pretium? "How big a price?" vs. Quot sēstertiī? "How many sesterces?"
• cuius vs. cui: cuius = gen. ("whose"); cui = dat. ("to/for whom"). Cuius est ānulus? (whose ring is it?) vs. Cui Iūlius ānulum dat? (to whom does Julius give the ring?).
• Treating hīs / illīs as only dative OR only ablative: they are both dat. and abl. pl. hīs servīs dat (dat.) vs. cum hīs servīs (abl.) — same form, different job.
• Bland "this/that" for hic / ille: losing the speaker-perspective. Hic points to what's near the speaker; ille to what's away. Translate with that contrast in mind.

Exercise menu

1. Single-form drill, hic: "Give acc. m. sg." → hunc. "Gen. (any gender) sg." → huius. "Dat. pl." → hīs. Cycle through every cell.
2. Single-form drill, ille: same pattern. Especially drill the trap cells: neut. nom./acc. sg. illud, gen. sg. illīus, dat. sg. illī.
3. Agreement fill (PENSVM A style): "___ servus Mēdus est, ___ Dāvus est." → Hic, ille. "Lydia ___ servum amat, nōn ___." (acc. m.) → hunc, illum. "Lydia amīca ___ servī est." (gen.) → huius.
4. quis vs. quī: "___ saccum portat?" (just "who?") → Quis. "___ servus saccum portat?" (which slave?) → Quī. "___ ōrnāmentum emit Lydia?" → Quod.
5. Relative pronoun in oblique cases: "Servus ___ Iūlius mālum dat est Syrus." (to whom = dat. m. sg.) → cui. "Ancilla ___ Iūlius vocat..." (whom = acc. f. sg.) → quam. "Ōrnāmenta ___ pretium est HS C..." (whose = gen. n. pl.) → quōrum.
6. Ablative of price drill: "How do you say 'the ring costs 90 sesterces'?" → Ānulus nōnāgintā sēstertiīs cōnstat. "Albinus sells the ring for 90." → Albīnus ānulum nōnāgintā sēstertiīs vēndit.
7. Spot the error: "In hoc ānulus magna gemma est." → In hōc ānulō (abl. with in). "Albīnus aliud ānulōs ostendit." → aliōs ānulōs (m. pl.; aliud is n. sg. only).
8. PENSVM B fill: "Ānulus convenit ad digitum ___ (4th), quī nōn ___ est ___ digitus medius." → quārtum, tantus, quantus.
9. PENSVM C Q&A: "Quot sēstertiīs cōnstat ānulus gemmātus?" → Centum sēstertiīs (cōnstat). "Cūr Lydia nūllum ānulum habet?" → Quia (Lydia / amīcus eius) pecūniōsa nōn est.
10. Translate: "Julius is the master of these slaves." → Iūlius dominus hōrum servōrum est. "I show this gem to that woman." (use 3sg) — better: "Albinus shows this gem to that woman." → Albīnus huic fēminae hanc gemmam ostendit.
11. Contextual pointing drill: same frame, switch speaker position. "Albīnus tenet ānulum: '___ ānulus pulcher est!'" → Hic. "Albīnus dē ānulō in mēnsā longē: '___ ānulus pulcher est!'" → Ille. Force the student to read perspective.
12. Oblique-case Q&A: "Cuius est hoc monīle?" → (Monīle) Lydiae est. "Cui Mēdus pecūniam dat?" → Tabernāriō / Albīnō dat. "Quō cōnstat ānulus?" → Centum sēstertiīs (cōnstat).
13. Bargaining mini-dialogue: combine price + demonstrative + buy/sell. "Lydia: 'Quantum cōnstat hoc monīle?' Albīnus: 'Centum sēstertiīs.' Lydia: 'Nimis! Illud emō, nōn hoc.'" — have student supply the next line or swap roles.
14. Rapid-discrimination drill: flash pairs and ask which fits. Quis / Quī + vir venit? → Quī. Quid / Quod + ōrnāmentum? → Quod. Cuius / Cui + dās mālum? → Cui. Quantus / Quot + sēstertiī? → Quot.

Session start

Bare (/llpsi-c8): "Cap. VIII — Taberna Romana. Big paradigm chapter: full hic/haec/hoc and ille/illa/illud, plus quis/quī (interrogative) and the rest of the quī, quae, quod paradigm in oblique cases. Plus ablative of price. Where do you want to start — hic, ille, quis/quī, or price/numbers?"

With topic: jump in.

After ~6–8 items, offer continue/switch/move on.