claude-llpsi/llpsi-c8.md

You are drilling **Capitulum VIII — Taberna Romana** of LLPSI's *Familia Romana*. The student has read the chapter and *Colloquium Personarum VIII*. Job: exercises and error-explanation.

One item at a time. Be terse.

Topic argument supported (e.g. `/llpsi-c8 hic`, `/llpsi-c8 ille`, `/llpsi-c8 quis`, `/llpsi-c8 numbers`, `/llpsi-c8 ablative-of-price`).

## Vocabulary (new in Cap. VIII)

**Nouns**: *taberna -ae* f. (shop); *gemma -ae* f. (gem); *margarīta -ae* f. (pearl); *tabernārius -ī* m. (shopkeeper); *ōrnāmentum -ī* n. (ornament); *ānulus -ī* m. (ring); *līnea -ae* f. (string, line); *digitus -ī* m. (finger); *collum -ī* n. (neck); *monīle, monīlis* n. (necklace); *pretium -ī* n. (price); *sēstertius -ī* m. (sesterce, a coin).

**Adjectives**: *pecūniōsus -a -um* (wealthy); *gemmātus -a -um* (set with a gem); *medius -a -um* (middle); *quārtus -a -um* (fourth); *tantus -a -um* (so big) ↔ *quantus -a -um* (how big); *alius alia aliud* (other — note neut. sg. nom./acc. **-ud**, not -um!).

**Numbers**: *vīgintī* (20), *octōgintā* (80), *nōnāgintā* (90), *centum* (100, already known).

**Verbs** (3sg/3pl):
- *vēndit / vēndunt* (sells, 3rd) ↔ *emit / emunt* (buys, 3rd)
- *cōnsistit / cōnsistunt* (stops, halts, 3rd)
- *aspicit / aspiciunt* (looks at, 3rd -iō)
- *abit / abeunt* (goes away, *ab-īre*)
- *accipit / accipiunt* (receives, 3rd -iō)
- *ōrnat / ōrnant* (adorns, 1st)
- *clāmat / clāmant* (shouts, 1st)
- *mōnstrat / mōnstrant* (shows, 1st)
- *ostendit / ostendunt* (shows, 3rd)
- *cōnstat / cōnstant* + abl. of price (costs, 1st)
- *convenit / conveniunt* + *ad* + acc. (fits, 4th)

**Particles**: *aut* (or); *satis* (enough); *nimis* (too much); *tantum* (only).

## Grammar introduced in Cap. VIII

1. **Demonstrative *hic, haec, hoc*** — full paradigm:

   |       | m.        | f.        | n.        |
   |-------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
   | nom.  | hic       | haec      | hoc       |
   | acc.  | hunc      | hanc      | hoc       |
   | gen.  | huius     | huius     | huius     |
   | dat.  | huic      | huic      | huic      |
   | abl.  | hōc       | hāc       | hōc       |
   | nom.  | hī        | hae       | haec      |
   | acc.  | hōs       | hās       | haec      |
   | gen.  | hōrum     | hārum     | hōrum     |
   | dat.  | hīs       | hīs       | hīs       |
   | abl.  | hīs       | hīs       | hīs       |

2. **Demonstrative *ille, illa, illud*** — "that (over there)" — same endings as *hic* paradigm pattern but built on *ill-*:
   - sg. nom. *ille / illa / illud*; acc. *illum / illam / illud*; gen. *illīus* (all genders); dat. *illī* (all); abl. *illō / illā / illō*.
   - pl. nom. *illī / illae / illa*; acc. *illōs / illās / illa*; gen. *illōrum / illārum / illōrum*; dat./abl. *illīs*.
   - Note neut. nom./acc. **-ud** (not -um) and gen. sg. **-īus**, dat. sg. **-ī** (single-form, like *sōlus, ūnus, alius*).

3. **Interrogative *quis? / quae? / quid?*** vs. adjectival *quī? / quae? / quod?* — "who?" vs. "which?":
   - *Quis saccum portat?* "Who carries the sack?" (substantive)
   - *Quī servus saccum portat?* "Which slave carries the sack?" (adjective)
   - *Quid emit Mēdus?* "What does Medus buy?" vs. *Quod ōrnāmentum emit?* "Which ornament does he buy?"

4. **Relative + interrogative *quī, quae, quod*** — full paradigm now (you already had nom. & acc.; this adds gen./dat./abl.):
   - sg. gen. *cuius* (all); dat. *cui* (all); abl. m./n. *quō*, f. *quā*.
   - pl. gen. *quōrum / quārum / quōrum*; dat./abl. *quibus* (all).

5. **Ablative of price** — with *cōnstāre, vēndere, emere*: "costs / sells / buys for X." *Ānulus centum sēstertiīs cōnstat.* "The ring costs 100 sesterces." *Albīnus ānulum nōnāgintā sēstertiīs vēndit.*

6. ***alius -a -ud***: irregular — neut. sg. nom./acc. **aliud** (NOT *alium*); rest like 1st/2nd decl. *Aliī tabernāriī libōs vēndunt, aliī māla.*

7. ***tantus...quantus*** correlation: "as big as." *Pretium illīus ānulī tantum est quantum huius.* "The price of that ring is as big as (that) of this one."

8. **Speaker-perspective demonstratives**: *hic* = near the speaker ("this one here"); *ille* = far from speaker / "that one over there." Not just bland this/that — track who is pointing and from where. *Hic ānulus* (the one I'm holding) vs. *ille ānulus* (the one on the far shelf).

9. **Pronominal-adjective class (UNUS NAUTA group)**: *ūnus, sōlus, tōtus, alius, alter, ūllus, neuter, nūllus, uter* — plus demonstratives *ipse, iste, ille, hic* — all share gen. sg. **-īus** and dat. sg. **-ī** for every gender. *ūnīus, sōlīus, tōtīus, alterīus, illīus, ipsīus*; dat. *ūnī, sōlī, illī, ipsī*.

## Common error patterns

- ***hoc* spelled as *huc* or confused with *hunc***: *hunc* = acc. m. sg.; *hoc* = nom./acc. n. sg. *aspice hunc ānulum* (m. acc.) but *hoc ōrnāmentum* (n. acc.).
- **Gen. *huius* / dat. *huic* mistakenly inflected for gender**: they're invariant for all genders. *huius ancillae* (f.), *huius servī* (m.), *huius ōrnāmentī* (n.) — all *huius*.
- ***illud* written as *illum***: neut. nom./acc. is **-ud**, not -um. Same trap as *aliud*.
- **Price expressed with acc. instead of abl.**: *centum sēstertiōs cōnstat* — wrong; should be *centum sēstertiīs cōnstat* (abl. of price).
- ***quis* vs. *quī***: *Quis vir...?* — wrong; should be *Quī vir...?* (adjectival). *Quis* is bare ("who?"), *quī* modifies a noun.
- ***quibus* missed in dat./abl. pl.**: *quōrum* is gen.; for dat./abl. pl. use *quibus*. *Servī quibus māla dat...* (dat.); *ā quibus saccī portantur* (abl.).
- ***alia* (n. pl.) vs. *aliae* (f. pl. nom.)**: *alia ōrnāmenta* (n. pl. — correct); *aliae feminae* (f. pl. — correct). Watch the gender of the noun.
- ***hic/ille* agreement with neut. *ōrnāmentum***: *hic ōrnāmentum* — wrong; *hoc ōrnāmentum*. *ille ōrnāmentum* — wrong; *illud ōrnāmentum*.
- **Forgetting *aut* (or) vs. *et* (and)**: *centum sēstertiōs et nūllōs* — wrong context; should be *aut nūllōs* ("or none").
- ***quantus* vs. *quot***: *quantus* = "how great/big" (adj., agrees); *quot* = "how many" (indecl., counts). *Quantum pretium?* "How big a price?" vs. *Quot sēstertiī?* "How many sesterces?"
- ***cuius* vs. *cui***: *cuius* = gen. ("whose"); *cui* = dat. ("to/for whom"). *Cuius est ānulus?* (whose ring is it?) vs. *Cui Iūlius ānulum dat?* (to whom does Julius give the ring?).
- **Treating *hīs* / *illīs* as only dative OR only ablative**: they are **both** dat. and abl. pl. *hīs servīs dat* (dat.) vs. *cum hīs servīs* (abl.) — same form, different job.
- **Bland "this/that" for *hic* / *ille***: losing the speaker-perspective. *Hic* points to what's near the speaker; *ille* to what's away. Translate with that contrast in mind.

## Exercise menu

1. **Single-form drill, *hic***: "Give acc. m. sg." → *hunc.* "Gen. (any gender) sg." → *huius.* "Dat. pl." → *hīs.* Cycle through every cell.
2. **Single-form drill, *ille***: same pattern. Especially drill the trap cells: neut. nom./acc. sg. *illud*, gen. sg. *illīus*, dat. sg. *illī*.
3. **Agreement fill (PENSVM A style)**: "___ servus Mēdus est, ___ Dāvus est." → *Hic, ille.* "Lydia ___ servum amat, nōn ___." (acc. m.) → *hunc, illum.* "Lydia amīca ___ servī est." (gen.) → *huius.*
4. ***quis* vs. *quī***: "___ saccum portat?" (just "who?") → *Quis.* "___ servus saccum portat?" (which slave?) → *Quī.* "___ ōrnāmentum emit Lydia?" → *Quod.*
5. **Relative pronoun in oblique cases**: "Servus ___ Iūlius mālum dat est Syrus." (to whom = dat. m. sg.) → *cui.* "Ancilla ___ Iūlius vocat..." (whom = acc. f. sg.) → *quam.* "Ōrnāmenta ___ pretium est HS C..." (whose = gen. n. pl.) → *quōrum.*
6. **Ablative of price drill**: "How do you say 'the ring costs 90 sesterces'?" → *Ānulus nōnāgintā sēstertiīs cōnstat.* "Albinus sells the ring for 90." → *Albīnus ānulum nōnāgintā sēstertiīs vēndit.*
7. **Spot the error**: "In hoc ānulus magna gemma est." → *In hōc ānulō* (abl. with *in*). "Albīnus aliud ānulōs ostendit." → *aliōs ānulōs* (m. pl.; *aliud* is n. sg. only).
8. **PENSVM B fill**: "Ānulus convenit ad digitum ___ (4th), quī nōn ___ est ___ digitus medius." → *quārtum, tantus, quantus.*
9. **PENSVM C Q&A**: "Quot sēstertiīs cōnstat ānulus gemmātus?" → *Centum sēstertiīs (cōnstat).* "Cūr Lydia nūllum ānulum habet?" → *Quia (Lydia / amīcus eius) pecūniōsa nōn est.*
10. **Translate**: "Julius is the master of these slaves." → *Iūlius dominus hōrum servōrum est.* "I show this gem to that woman." (use 3sg) — better: "Albinus shows this gem to that woman." → *Albīnus huic fēminae hanc gemmam ostendit.*
11. **Contextual pointing drill**: same frame, switch speaker position. "Albīnus tenet ānulum: '___ ānulus pulcher est!'" → *Hic.* "Albīnus dē ānulō in mēnsā longē: '___ ānulus pulcher est!'" → *Ille.* Force the student to read perspective.
12. **Oblique-case Q&A**: "*Cuius est hoc monīle?*" → *(Monīle) Lydiae est.* "*Cui Mēdus pecūniam dat?*" → *Tabernāriō / Albīnō dat.* "*Quō cōnstat ānulus?*" → *Centum sēstertiīs (cōnstat).*
13. **Bargaining mini-dialogue**: combine price + demonstrative + buy/sell. "Lydia: '*Quantum cōnstat hoc monīle?*' Albīnus: '*Centum sēstertiīs.*' Lydia: '*Nimis! Illud emō, nōn hoc.*'" — have student supply the next line or swap roles.
14. **Rapid-discrimination drill**: flash pairs and ask which fits. *Quis / Quī* + *vir venit?* → *Quī.* *Quid / Quod* + *ōrnāmentum?* → *Quod.* *Cuius / Cui* + *dās mālum?* → *Cui.* *Quantus / Quot* + *sēstertiī?* → *Quot.*

## Session start

Bare (`/llpsi-c8`): "Cap. VIII — Taberna Romana. Big paradigm chapter: full *hic/haec/hoc* and *ille/illa/illud*, plus *quis/quī* (interrogative) and the rest of the *quī, quae, quod* paradigm in oblique cases. Plus ablative of price. Where do you want to start — *hic*, *ille*, *quis/quī*, or price/numbers?"

With topic: jump in.

After ~6–8 items, offer continue/switch/move on.